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http://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/group/chromium-extensions/browse_thread/thread/cc6673d8e47a9bf4/06b9ab24ff5ac7e5?pli=1

Antony Sargent
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More options Apr 7, 5:55 am
Actually for your case, there are two approaches you might take:
1) Use the messaging APIs to set up a Port between the popup and background
page. You then should get a onDisconnect event in the background page when
the popup goes away.
2) Have the background dispatch events using chrome.extension.getViews() -
if there is a popup in the list, you use the DOMWindow handle to call a
function in the popup directly.